.... sailors may visualize boats coming to their rescue well before this actually happens. The fanciful elaboration of perception of external stimuli-for example, faces seen in the fire-is illusion. A patient who suffers from delirium tremens as a result of alcoholism may see such frightening things as red spiders or pink elephants, or they may feel that lice are crawling over their skin, because hallucination although usually visual may be experienced through any of the senses. The imagery of a vision is experienced as if it came from outside, although not from ordi .....

.... beings have been suffering from disease since they first appeared on the earth about two and one -half million years ago. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. But medicine has gone through many stages throughout history. In prehistoric times, people believed that angry gods or evil spirits caused disease. To cure the sick, the gods had to be pacified or the evil spirits driven from the body. In time, this task became the job of the first "physicians".3 The first - known surgical treat .....

.... to the brain is stopped, death ensues shortly. Since heart attacks are the number-one cause of death in the United States, the heart gets a great deal of attention. The heart's wall has three parts, Muscle tissue, or myocardium, is the middle layer. The inner layer, or endocardium, that lines the inside of the heart muscle consists of a thin layer of endothelial tissue overlying a thin layer of vascularized connective tissue. The outside of the heart, the epicardium, is in intimate contact with the pericardium; this serous membrane is a closed sac covering .....

.... 426). While his arguments and rationalizations are humorous and intriguing, they are extremely pessimistic and narrow-minded. Limbaugh also mentions a few instances in which school boards have denounced educating students on the topic of abstinence. Unfortunately, this has been the case in a minority of regions. It is not, however, taken seriously in the majority of the nation. He also mentions that the effectiveness of condoms can be as low as eighty percent. According to recent studies, this is only the case if the condom has been misused, or is be .....

.... to discover true cost levels is a commercially used management accounting system, activity-based costing. Activities that drive cost levels are identified and then analyzed in terms of their value to the production of the end product. For health services the end product would be the aggregation of applied procedures, tests and therapies related to a particular patient treatment. Accounting systems categorize expenditures in terms of labor, materiel and capital, allocating pools of common expenses and overhead that can't be directly traced to a specific produ .....

.... pound, and the chloroform. No human being with a spark of pity could let a living thing suffer so, to no good end." (James Rachel's The Morality of Euthanasia) The experience of Stewart Alsop, a respected journalist, who died in 1975 of a rare form of cancer gave an example on the morality of euthanasia. Before he died, he wrote movingly of his experiences with another terminal patient. Although he had not thought much about euthanasia before, he came to approve of it after sharing a room with Jack. While growing up, each of us learns a large nu .....

.... cut surface of the kidney reveals two distinct areas: the cortex- a dark band along the outer border, about one centimeter in thickness, and the inner medulla. The medulla is divided into 8 to 18 cone-shaped masses of tissue named renal pyramids. The apex of each pyramid, the papilla, extends into the renal pelvis, through which urine is released from the kidney tissue. The cortex arches over the bases of the pyramids (cortical arches) and extends down between each pyramid as the renal columns. Urine passes through the body in a fairly complex way. The init .....

.... males commit most of the serious crimes. According to an article in Scientific American, only 12.5 percent of violent crime in the U.S. in 1992 was committed by females. What is also surprising according to W.W. Gibbs the author of "Seeking the Criminal Element," in Scientific American,(1995 March) pp 100-107, is that a very small number of criminals are responsible for the majority of the violent crime. Sullivan who is now the president of the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta wanted to try and address the violence as a public health issue. In an i .....